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Assamese alphabet
The Assamese script〔The name ''(unicode:ăcãmăkṣara)'' first appears in Ahom coins and copperplates where the name denoted the Ahom script 〕) is a writing system of the Assamese language. It used to be the script of choice in the Brahmaputra valley for Sanskrit as well as other languages such as Bodo (now Devanagari), Khasi (now Roman), Mising (now Roman) etc. The current form of the script has seen continuous development from the 5th-century Umachal/Nagajari-Khanikargaon rock inscriptions written in an eastern variety of the Gupta script, adopting significant traits from the Siddhaṃ script along the way. By the 17th century three styles of Assamese script could be identified (''baminiya'', ''kaitheli'' and ''garhgaya'') that converged to the standard script following typesetting required for printing. The present standard is identical to the Bengali alphabet except for three letters.
The ''Buranji''s were written during the Ahom dynasty in the Assamese language using the Assamese alphabet. In the 14th century Madhava Kandali used Assamese script to compose the famous ''Saptakanda Ramayana'', which is the first translation of ''Ramayana'' in a regional Indian language after Valmiki's ''Ramayana'' in Sanskrit. Later, Sankardev used it in the 15th and 16th centuries to compose his oeuvre in Assamese and Brajavali dialect, the literary language of the bhakti poems (borgeets) and dramas.
The Ahom king Supangmung, (1663–1670) was the first ruler who started issuing Assamese coins for his kingdom. A similar script with minor differences is used to write Maithili, Bengali, Meithei and Sylheti.
== History ==
The Umachal rock inscription of the 5th century evidences the first use of a script in the region. The script was very similar to the one used in Samudragupta's Allahabad Pillar inscription. Rock and copper plate inscriptions from then onwards, and ''Xaansi'' bark manuscripts right up to the 18th–19th centuries show a steady development of the Assamese script. The script could be said to develop proto-Assamese shapes by the 13th century. In the 18th and 19th century, the Assamese script could be divided into three varieties: ''Kaitheli'' (also called ''Lakhari'' in Kamrup region, used by non-Brahmins), ''Bamuniya'' (used by Brahmins, for Sanskrit) and ''Garhgaya'' (used by state officials of the Ahom kingdom)—among which the ''Kaitheli'' style was the most popular, with medieval books (like the ''Hastir-vidyrnava'') and sattras using this style. In the early part of the 19th century, Atmaram Sarmah designed the first Assamese script for printing in Srerampore, and the Bengali and Assamese lithography converged to the present standard that is used today.
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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